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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Arctic Apples ： ウィキペディア英語版 Arctic Apples Arctic Apples are a suite of trademarked〔(Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Arctic™ Apple (Malus x domestica) Events GD743 and GS784 ). ''United States Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service''. Retrieved 2012-08-03.〕 apples that contain a nonbrowning trait (when the apples are subjected to mechanical damage, such as slicing or bruising, the apple flesh remains its original color)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/biotechnology/2012/faq_okanagan_apple.pdf )〕 introduced through biotechnology.〔Lehnert, R. ("Firm seeks approval for transgenic apple" ) ''Good Fruit Grower''. Jan. 15 2011.〕〔Milkovich, M. ("Non-browning apples cause controversy" ) ''Fruit Growers News''. April 29, 2011.〕 They were developed through a process of genetic engineering and precision breeding by Okanagan Specialty Fruits Inc. (OSF).〔Wilson, K. (2011, July) ("Aussie Transplant Proves Fruitful: The Long Road to GMO Innovation" ) ''Orchard and Vine'', 18-19.〕 Specifically, gene silencing reduces the expression of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), thus preventing the fruit from browning. It is the first approved food product to use that technique.〔("Apple-to-apple transformation" ). ''Okanagan Specialty Fruits''. Retrieved 2012-08-03.〕 This is unlike many other genetically modified foods, which insert genes from other species for the purposes of pesticide tolerance or insect resistance. Okanagan Specialty Fruits has petitioned for regulatory approval for two apple varieties in Canada from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and Health Canada〔(). ''CFIA''. Retrieved 2013-12-16.〕 and in the US from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), part of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).〔(Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Arctic™ Apple (Malus x domestica) Events GD743 and GS784 ). ''United States Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service''. Retrieved 2012-08-03.〕 In 2012, a field test application was approved to conduct a 20-acre study of the apple in the state of Washington.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.isb.vt.edu/getRelDetail.aspx?bp=12-048-102rm )〕 The apples were approved by the USDA in February 2015〔Pollack, A. ("Gene-Altered Apples Get U.S. Approval" ) ''New York Times''. Feb 13, 2015.〕 and by the FDA in March 2015, becoming the first genetically modified apple approved for US sale. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arctic Apples」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.